To check for lower or upper case, you can also use ctype functions (lines #5 and #7):
ctype_upper() and ctype_lower()
Code:
<?php
$char = readline();
if (ctype_upper($char)) {
echo 'upper-case';
} else if (ctype_lower($char)) {
echo 'lower-case';
} else {
echo 'not alphabetical letter or not consistent char(s)';
}